چهارشنبه 5 تیر1387
Moralization of health behaviour: costs and benefits///How Stress Kills: New Perspectives on Stress
Moralization of health behaviour: costs and benefits
Joop van der Pligt Univerity of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Most models of health behaviour stress the importance of utilitarian outcomes when
making decisions about health behaviour. The general emphasis on cognitions underlying these decisions has been supplemented with research on the role of (anticipated) affect such as regret, worry and anxiety. In this presentation I focus on moral considerations as a determinant of health behaviour and attitudes towards health issues. Moralization frequently occurs in the health domain. Examples are food intake (meat, fat), cigarette smoking and drug use. In this context I discuss both the possible benefits of increasing the salience of moral considerations as well as possible drawbacks of emphasizing moral aspects of health-related behaviours. I provide a brief overview of the role of moral emotions such as disgust, guilt and anger, and discuss the mediating role of these emotions when predicting health behaviour and people’s evaluation of (un)healthy practices
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How Stress Kills: New Perspectives on Stress and Inflammation
Proinflammatory cytokines influence the onset and course of a spectrum of conditions associated with aging. The production of proinflammatory cytokines can be substantially enhanced by stress and depression. Furthermore, stress and depression also contribute to greater risk for infection, prolonged infectious episodes, and delayed wound healing, all processes that indirectly fuel sustained proinflammatory cytokine production. Compounding the risks, health behaviors including poor sleep are commonplace consequences of stress and depression; poor sleep enhances proinflammatory cytokine production. In addition to these pathways, stress and depression can permanently alter the responsiveness of the immune system; stressors can effectively prime the inflammatory response, promoting larger proinflammatory cytokine increases in response to subsequent stressors and/or minor infectious challenges. Through these pathways stress and depression may influence the incidence and progression of age-related diseases. Interventions that diminish stress or depression or inflammation may enhance health through their positive impact on immune and endocrine regulation.
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